Sarmatian pottery kilns on the trail of the M43 highway

Benedek-Bene Zsuzsanna – Benedek András

Hadak útján. A népvándorláskor fiatal kutatóinak XXIV. konferenciája. Esztergom, 2014. november 4–6. Conference of young scholars on the Migration Period. November 4–6, 2014, Esztergom

MŐT Kiadványok 3.1 (2015) 205–225

DOI 10.55722/Arpad.Kiad.2015.3.1_10

A tanulmány célja elsősorban az M43 autópálya 38. lelőhelyének feltárása során előkerült két, 2–3. századi, szarmata kori edényégető kemence ismertetése és párhuzamainak bemutatása. A szerzők elemzik és értékelik a kemencék készítésének módjait, a kemencék for-mai sajátosságait, felépítését és a települések szélén történő elhelyezkedésének okait.

Kulcsszavak: Makó-Dáli ugar, M43 autópálya, szarmata, edényégető kemence

Our study principally presents and discusses the similarities between two pottery kilns origi-nating from the Sarmatian Age and found during the excavations of archaeological site no. 38 on the M43 highway. During our work, we analyzed and interpreted the methods of kiln-mak-ing, the formal features and structure of the kilns, and the reasons behind their location in the outskirts of settlements. The kiln feature no. 363 belongs to the group of the so-called Celtic-type pottery kilns. The particularity of this kiln in Makó is that the central supporter wall does not hit the back wall of the substructure. By contrast, the kiln feature no. 275 is, to the best of our knowledge, a unique piece in the territory of the Sarmatian Barbaricum in the Great Hun-garian Plain. The construction’s muffle is developed approximately 60 cm deep beneath the subsoil. There are 6 near-round holes in the muffle connected to the substructure through a cen-tral tube with 5 radial tubes. The hot air flowed through these tubes from the firebox to the fir-ing chamber. In our opinion, the two kilns were used in the same way, but it seems quite possi-ble that the different structures of the two pieces—deriving from their size and the position of the holes in the muffles—served for burning different types of pots.